Damn, We're In a Tight Spot
Both Oh Brother Where Art Thou? and No Country for Old Men are concerned with devil figures and, more particularly, the deals we make with these devils.
By Whitney Rio-Ross
On the surface, the Coen Brothers’ comedy O Brother, Where Art Thou? and their adaptation of Cormac McCarthy’s No Country for Old Men seem like very different movies. From its opening credits that claim the story is based on Homer’s Odyssey (and it is, in the loosest, most playful sense), O Brother, Where Art Thou? does not take itself seriously. Though the film includes some weighty topics, it is an unapologetically silly movie. No Country for Old Men is dead serious. The Coen Brothers do manage to bring their characteristic dark humor into the film through their direction of some dialogue, opting for a Flannery O’Connor flavor when possible. Still, it is a tale of immorality, violence, and anguish where no one has the last laugh.
Yet despite their difference in tone, the two films have similar obsessions. In O Brother, Where Art Thou? Everett McGill is on the run after breaking out of prison. We see almost immediately that he and his fellow outlaws Delmar and Pete are basically harmless both because they are good-natured and too foolish to pull off any serious crime. Sheriff Cooley, the man chasing them, is far more dangerous and malevolent, aiming to kill the lovable convicts. No Country for Old Men has the opposite setup. Ed Tom Bell, the sheriff of a generally quiet Texas county, is an honorable man who genuinely cares for his people, including Llewelyn Moss, a man who found drug money and is now on the run from cartels and an unrelenting hitman named Anton Chigurh. Chigurh is a merciless, seemingly invincible outlaw who embodies all the evil Sheriff Bell fears. In the novel, McCarthy describes Chigurh as “a true and living prophet of destruction.”
In these inverted situations, both movies are concerned with the devil figures and, more particularly, the deals we make with these devils. O Brother, Where Art Thou? addresses the topic literally. Soon after Delmar and Pete are baptized and commit to “the straight-and-narrow from here on out,” they offer a ride to a Black man hitchhiking with a guitar case in hand. In the car, the man introduces himself as Tommy, and Delmar asks why he was standing in the middle of nowhere. Tommy says, “I had to be at that crossroads last midnight to sell my soul to the devil. . . . He taught me to play this guitar real good.” “Oh, son! For that you traded your everlasting soul?” Delmar asks. “I wasn’t using it,” Tommy responds. Though Tommy’s situation comes up more seriously later, this episode is one of many absurd encounters on Everett’s journey, and far from the darkest.
The plot of No Country for Old Men starts with a deal gone terribly wrong. While out hunting, Llewelyn Moss comes across a group of trucks carrying dope, the ground littered with bodies and bullet casings. After some searching, Llewelyn finds a case carrying over two million dollars. Llewelyn gives into temptation and takes the money, making himself the prey to men more vicious than he can imagine. Apart from Llewelyn’s story, Anton Chigurh enjoys making deals with unsuspecting people he has no reason to kill through a game. When he is annoyed by a clueless gas station clerk, he makes him call a coin toss for no apparent reason, though the viewer understands that the clerk is gambling for his own life. His only possibility for survival is to strike a deal of chance with Chigurh. Anyone who meets the devil, we see, risks a terrible bargain.
Trying to strike a deal or dance with the devil is not the way to save lives.
Discipline yourselves, keep alert. Like a roaring lion your adversary the devil prowls around, looking for someone to devour. Resist him, steadfast in your faith, for you know that your brothers and sisters in all the world are undergoing the same kinds of suffering.
—I Peter 5:8-9
The protagonists of both movies are always on alert, knowing they cannot rest because evil certainly doesn’t. It’s obvious in O Brother, Where Art Thou?, as the convicts are literally on the run from lawmen. The issue is more nuanced in No Country for Old Men. Sheriff Bell must find Llewelyn soon because Chigurh is already hot on the trail, but that is not the only evil that concerns Bell. He sees it springing up in new ways all around him. He misses the days of the old timers’ when some sheriffs didn’t even carry guns. Of course, some of this is the classic problem of an aging person longing for imaginary “good ole days.” (His uncle reminds him, “Whatcha’ got ain’t nothin’ new. This country’s hard on people. You can’t stop what’s coming. It ain’t all waitin’ on you. That’s vanity.”) But Bell isn’t entirely delusional. He became a sheriff in a time distant enough from America’s bloody settlement of the West that he does not associate his home with violence; it was also before drug wars brought loads of automatic weapons into the county. For a time, he was living in a short window of Andy Griffith’s justice. Parts of his world are changing for the worse in ways he does not understand and at a terrifying speed. At some point in both movies, we see the protagonists resist the demonic that threatens them and refuse to compromise with the devil figures. Everett, Delmar, and Pete come upon a KKK meeting where Tommy is about to be lynched. The three men do not hesitate to risk their lives saving Tommy and disguise themselves so they can help him escape. Throughout the movie we have seen Everett talk his way out of difficult situations, or at least try to. Here he makes no attempt to reason with the demonic group or craftily escape a fight he is almost certain to lose. When the three catch up to Tommy and tell him they intend to save him, Tommy says, “That’s mighty kind of you boys, but I don’t think nothin’s gonna save me now—the devil’s come to collect his due.” But his friends don’t share his fatalism. Perhaps Delmar and Pete are fueled by their faith in God and Everett by his remarkable faith in himself. Whatever the case, they’re willing to try. After some clumsiness, they end up victorious against the clan, cutting loose the burning cross to fall on those who were about to hang Tommy in its name.
Sheriff Bell knows what drug cartels and their involved parties are capable of and is baffled by Llewelyn’s arrogance in thinking he can take their money with body and soul unscathed. Bell doesn’t let this frustration keep him from trying to save Llewelyn, though. He speaks to Llewelyn’s wife, Carla Jean, and assures her that Llewelyn is not in trouble with him and that his job is to protect her husband. While federal agents are looking for the Chigurh and dealers, Bell is concerned only with the man he has sworn to protect him. Bell’s fear of Chigurh and everything he represents could be enough to keep him from hunting down the invincible outlaw. Regardless, Bell knows that he could come across Chigurh at any moment since they are looking for the same man. He is still risking his life, but he knows better than to get caught up in his game. In the opening voiceover he says, “I always knew you had to be willing to die to even do this job—not to be glorious. But I don’t want to push my chips forward and go out and meet something I don’t understand.”
In rescuing Tommy and searching for Llewelyn, Everett and Sheriff Bell are not acting on their own behalf but putting their lives at stake for another man, willing to meet the devils they know may torture them as well. In these actions, both also understand in their gut that trying to strike a deal or dance with the devil is not the way to save lives. They don’t need to pet hell’s hound to believe it bites.
The devil never offers a gift; all his favors have a price.
Then the devil led him up and showed him in an instant all the kingdoms of the world. And the devil said to him, “To you I will give their glory and all this authority; for it has been given over to me, and I give it to anyone I please.”
—Luke 4:5–6
So when Pilate saw that he could do nothing, but rather that a riot was beginning, he took some water and washed his hands before the crowd, saying, “I am innocent of this man’s blood; see to it yourselves.”
—Matthew 27:24
In O Brother, Where Art Thou?, we see two signs that the devil is at work in the authorities of Mississippi. First, we are told that Sheriff Cooley could in fact be the devil. When Pete asks Tommy what the devil looks like, he says, “He’s white—white as you folks, with mirrors for eyes and a big hollow voice and always travels with a mean old hound.” This is a perfect description of Cooley—a white man who wears mirrored sunglasses, with a hound by his side. Behold the arbiter of justice.
Second, Mississippi’s gubernatorial race is underway. The current governor, Pappy O’Daniel, is also on his way to Everett’s town, where his opponent is having a campaign rally. Throughout the movie, we see that Pappy is a crooked, entitled businessman desperate to hold onto his power, though he makes no effort to interact with his constituents. Pappy’s competition is no better. Homer Stokes promises reform but turns out to be the leader of the local KKK. No matter how the election goes, the men making the law are as evil as any outlaw.
Yet Pappy turns out to be the convicts’ savior when the men reveal themselves to be the hit band The Soggy Bottom Boys. While Stokes is enraged with the men for ruining the lynching and raves about their lawlessness, Pappy sees an opportunity. “Sounds like Homer Stokes is the kinda fella gonna cast the first stone!” he tells the audience. “I’m a forgive and forget Christian. And I say, well, if their rambunctiousness and misdemeanorin’ is behind ‘em . . . . by the power vested in me, these boys is hereby pardoned!” But the devil never offers a gift; all his favors have a price. In exchange for freedom, Pappy expects The Soggy Bottom Boys to endorse his candidacy publicly by leading the crowd in a song. Everett tells the governor that the song is one of their favorites. “Son,” Pappy replies, “you gonna go far.”
Sheriff Bell’s trust in the law he works to uphold is waning from the start of No Country for Old Men. He can see that, along with the world, the institution he is a part of could very well be going to hell. He does not intend to go there with it. In the opening voiceover he says, “You say it’s my job to fight it, but I don’t know what it is anymore. More than that, I don’t want to know. A man would have to put his soul at hazard. He would have to say, okay, I’ll be part of this world.”
The following scene shows what Bell is realizing. Chigurh easily strangles a deputy who arrested him, his face emotionless. To have survived with Chigurh in the building, the deputy needed to lock eyes with Chigurh’s crazed gaze and have a powerful weapon at hand ready to use at the first sign of attack. If an officer wants to capture the devil, he must imitate the enemy. Bell wants to be different from the enemy. When he is in the thick of his search and going to speak to Carla Jean, he asks his secretary, “What is it Torbert says about truth and justice?” “Oh, we dedicate ourselves daily anew. Somethin’ like that,” she replies. “I’m gonna commence dedicatin’ myself twice daily. Might come to three times before it’s over with,” Bell says. He knows that remaining honest and just in his job is becoming more difficult but will continue the good fight long enough to save Llewelyn.
Unfortunately, Bell does not save Llewelyn. This failure confirms Bell’s mistrust of the world, the law, and himself. If he cannot at least save his own people without agreeing to an evil world’s terms, what good can he do? He might as well retire before he, too, starts to look like the devil.
Despite their power and their lies to people and themselves, these devils don’t write the end of the story.
“[The devil] was a murderer from the beginning and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he lies, he speaks according to his own nature, for he is a liar and the father of lies.”
—John 8:44b
After their pardon, Everett and his friends go to his old cabin to find his wife’s wedding ring. There Cooley and his deputies wait for them with three nooses and three graves. He knew where to come because he had tortured Pete earlier, who gave up their destination in exchange for his life. The group tells Cooley that the governor offered them a public pardon, but Cooley doesn’t care. “It ain’t the law!” Everett protests. Cooley smiles. “The law. Well the law is a human institution.” Here we have more confirmation that Cooley is beyond human. He speaks of himself and this execution as an inescapable destiny: “End of the road, boys. It’s had its twists and turns—but now it deposits you here. You have eluded fate—and eluded me—for the last time.”
Chigurh has a strange code of honesty. A fellow hitman, Carson Wells, says as much when Llewelyn wonders if perhaps he could make a deal with Chigurh. “You can’t make a deal with him,” Carson explains. “Even if you gave him the money, he’d still kill you for inconveniencing him. He’s a peculiar man. Might even say he has principles, principles that transcend money or drugs or anything like that.” When Chigurh later offers Llewelyn a deal, it’s a devious one: “You bring me the money, and I’ll let [your wife] go. Otherwise, she’s accountable, the same as you. That’s the best deal you’re gonna get. I won’t tell you you can save yourself, because you can’t.” Llewelyn’s wife has done nothing to Chigurh; he is dealing with the lives of people he hasn’t even met. Llewelyn does not give back the money, believing both he and his wife can survive if they get to each other soon.
Weeks after Llewelyn’s death, Chigurh shows up to Carla Jean’s house to kill her. “You got no cause to hurt me,” she tells him. “No. But I gave my word. . . .Your husband had the opportunity to save you. Instead, he used you to try to save himself,” Chigurh explains. While this is a deceptive take on the events, it works with Chigurh’s logic; the devil understands lies, not truth. “You don’t have to do this,” Carla Jean says. Annoyed, Chigurh sighs, “People always say the same thing.” (Carson spoke those very words moments before Chigurh shot him.) Chigurh decides to offer Carla Jean a chance, telling her to call a coin toss for her life, as he did with the store clerk. In a divergence from the book, Carla Jean refuses to call the coin. “The coin don’t have no say. It’s just you,” she argues. “Well, I got here the same way the coin did,” Chigurh retorts. Like Cooley, Chigurh sees himself as an inevitable force, at one with fate. We do not see Chigurh kill Carla Jean, but based on how he responds when annoyed or threatened, we can guess what happens.
It is after their speeches about fate that things go wrong for these devils. The Soggy Bottom Boys cry out to God, and a wall of water crashes on the scene. We knew that a dam was being released to flood the area, but with all that happened over the course of a few days, everyone forgot, including the devil. Despite his belief in his omnipotence, it turns out that he does not control everything. We don’t know if the sheriff or his crew survives the flood, but The Soggy Bottom Boys miraculously do, and there is no sign of the executors.
No one is saved in No Country for Old Men, but we see that Chigurh is not immune to the fallen world. He has escaped seemingly impossible situations and healed himself from life-threatening injuries. He seems invincible and certainly thinks of himself as such. Chigurh’s comeuppance has nothing to do with weapons or an intent to kill. Rather, a car t-bones his truck only moments after he kills Carla Jean. Like Chigurh, the audience has no warning of the crash, emphasizing the shock he feels after yet again demonstrating his power to take lives. His arm severely broken and his head bleeding, he makes one more deal by paying some boys to say they didn’t see him. Then he slowly stumbles off like a wounded animal.
As with Cooley, we don’t know if Chigurh ultimately survives. But we do know that even he is at the mercy of things beyond his realm. Despite their power and their lies to people and themselves, these devils don’t write the end of the story.
We are left with the issue of how to operate in a world where, at least for now, the devil has great power. If we must be ready for attack from all sides, what can we do?
Submit yourselves therefore to God. Resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
—James 4:7
Two are better than one, because they have a good reward for their toil. For if they fall, one will lift up the other.
—Ecclesiastes 4:9–10a
Despite the devil’s defeat in O Brother, Where Art Thou? and No Country for Old Men, we are left with the issue of how to operate in a world where, at least for now, the devil has great power. If we must be ready for attack from all sides, what can we do? We cannot trust the laws and principalities that are supposed to protect us from lawless evil, and that evil is indeed at hand. We’re in a tight spot.
Both Everett and Sheriff Bell believe one of the devil’s lies by the end of their movies—that they are alone with no God to protect them. The consequences of this belief diverge with their genres. Despite seeing an answer to his surprisingly poignant prayers moments ago, Everett falls right back into his atheism, even seeing the flood as a sign of human progress beyond religion. He says,
No, the fact is, they’re flooding this valley so they can hydro-electric up the whole durned state. Yes sir, the South is gonna change. Everything’s gonna be put on electricity and run on a payin’ basis. Out with the old spiritual mumbo-jumbo, the superstitions and the backward ways. We’re gonna see a brave new world where they run everyone a wire and hook us all up to a grid. Yes sir, a veritable age of reason—like the one they had in France—and not a moment too soon.
Bell shows some better sense than Everett; he has seen the worst fruits of the very “progress” in which Everett places his faith. But rather than misplacing his hope, he falls into despair. Unlike Everett, he did not personally experience God’s demonstration of power against the seemingly omnipotent Chigurh, nor did Chigurh’s accident save him. Though he was spared a confrontation with this devil figure, he credits this not to a hedge of protection but to his own cowardice, or at least his incompetence in the face of such evil. He confesses to his uncle, “I always figured when I got older, God would sort of come into my life somehow. And he didn’t. And I don’t blame him. If I was him, I’d have the same opinion of me that he does.”
We can laugh at Everett, shaking our heads at his self-deception. We have seen God save him time and again, seen that despite his vanity and dishonesty, there is a goodness in him that allows us to hope for his redemption. He broke out of jail not because of his lawless nature but because he wanted to restore his broken marriage covenant before it was too late. He risked his own life to save a man who was more a stranger than friend. There’s hope for Everett yet, because despite his belief that he can depend on himself, he is not alone. His family and The Soggy Bottom Boys (two of whom are quick to give the Lord due credit) will be there the next time he crosses paths with the devil.
We cannot laugh at Bell in his despair. We know he is an upstanding man, that even if he never “fought” much evil, he did his best to care for the people he promised to protect. Unlike Everett, though, he is not a young man rejoining society; he is old and in retreat. If there is no God, or at least none whom he can trust to protect his soul from the world’s evil influence, what more can he do?
The Coen Brothers, however, do not leave Bell totally hopeless. As in the book, they end with Bell describing two dreams about his long-deceased father. In the book, Bell is ruminating to himself, not speaking to a particular person. The film, however, does not end with an internal monologue via voiceover. The final scene shows Bell talking to his wife, who urges him to tell her about the dreams. Though he seems embarrassed to share them, he does. He has faith in his marriage covenant, a promise he takes seriously enough that he even tells his secretary not to call his wife saying that he is on his way to another town until he has actually left the building. “Don’t wanna lie without what it’s absolutely necessary,” he says. There is great trust between them, and he is willing to continue trusting her even when the world has given him reason to question everyone.
Then there is the final dream itself. Bell describes riding up a cold mountain with his father and how his father goes ahead of him carrying a fire in a horn: “And, in the dream, I knew he was goin’ on ahead. He was fixin’ to make a fire somewhere out there in all that dark and cold. And I knew that whenever I got there, he’d be there.” In his subconscious, Bell knows that as he drudges on in a dark, cruel world, there is light waiting up ahead—light and a loved one to bring him comfort. In the bright morning with his wife listening, he is already experiencing some of that.
Throughout the movie, Bell and other old men use language of the end times. “Signs and wonders,” he says earlier when he hears about teenagers with green hair. But this final scene echoes more hopeful words about the last days: “I will pour out my Spirit upon all flesh, and your sons and your daughters shall prophesy, and your young men shall see visions, and your old men shall dream dreams” (Acts 2:17).
These films’ endings offer us some tangible hope beyond the promise that the devil will not have the final word. Our hope is that we can live in the meantime. To do so, we must look to those who suffer alongside us and do our best to love them in even the simplest ways—taking a family stroll, listening to an old man’s dreams. We won’t come together to make a perfect world; as a fallen body, we’ll surely want to abandon each other at some point. But by resisting the temptation to make covenants with the powerful and instead promise ourselves to our fellow strugglers, by the power of the Spirit spilled out, we might make a life here.
Whitney Rio-Ross holds a Master’s in Religion and Literature from Yale Divinity School. Her writing has appeared in Sojourners, Reflections, America Magazine, LETTERS JOURNAL, The Cresset, St. Katherine Review, The Other Journal, and elsewhere. She is the author of the poetry chapbook Birthmarks and lives in Nashville, Tennessee, with her husband.