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How to Inhabit Time

Forget Where--Let’s Talk About When

James K. A. Smith unpacks the lost art of spiritual timekeeping and the subtle consequences of living a “nowhen” life.   

Review by Jake Casale

In my early years among the ranks of evangelical Christianity (which coincided with my early years of crawling, walking, and learning polysyllabic words), I regularly participated in the time-honored tradition of Sunday school. One of my strongest memories involves performing a musical rendition of Proverbs 3:5-6, complete with the slickest dance moves. The verses go: “Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways [acknowledge] him, and he will make your paths straight.”

The choreography was simple, but the end demanded full commitment. We placed our hands together as if we were praying, and then swayed around violently like drunken fish as our voices stretched out the word “paaaAAAAaaaaAAAAths,” before abruptly standing tall, slicing our hands downward as if staking a shovel in the earth, and triumphantly exclaiming “STRAIGHT!!”

All well and good as play, but with this little jig, my body was internalizing a particular perception of God. He brought order to chaos, comprehensibility to confusion—and most importantly, a certain linearity to human experience. A straight path doesn’t, at first glance, lend itself to repetition or circularity.

This kind of thinking, while not wholly dissociated from certain truths about the nature of God, bears resemblance to what James K.A. Smith diagnoses in How to Inhabit Time as a key predicament facing the church: a lack of discipline around spiritual timekeeping. Spiritual timekeeping extends beyond our temporally localized concern with how minutes proceed from seconds, hours from minutes, and so on. It is instead attuned to the currents of history and culture, the circumstances that inform how the church’s witness might uniquely manifest in a given age, space, and place. Spiritual timekeeping does not assume that human perspectives and action ever exist beyond historical forces—instead, we are indelibly formed and limited by history, our own and that of the communities we find ourselves in. When the church fails to account for this reality, it can lead to practicing a strange sort of “nowhen” Christianity, which in turn places the church out of step with its own inherent creatureliness.

Indeed, Smith signals early on that the book’s primary focus is what it means to be a creature. How to Inhabit Time not a systematic philosophical treatise on temporality, but an effort in sparking imagination. Specifically, Smith interrogates the fabric of human existence within time to heighten our awareness of our own contingencies so that we might better discern how to live. In this task, he draws upon several sources of insight, from the anecdotal to the scholarly. More often than not, the two feel tonally similar; this is a book of meditative vignettes, lending itself the air of a tapestry-in-progress as Smith explores what seasonality, ephemerality, and eschatology all mean for human life.

The limitations of temporality need not put a stranglehold on human ambition, but we do need imaginations that spring from a grasp of our state.

Many of Smith’s reflections are grounded in snippets of his personal journey recovering a sense of spiritual locatedness in his own story. These snippets proceed to join the musings of several thinkers, artists, and disciplines—from Heidigger and Niebuhr to some contemporary surprises like Brandi Carlile. Smith samples far and wide as he illustrates different aspects of what it means to be creaturely; the range is such that an individual reader’s mileage will likely vary as the text moves between inflection points. For example, I was struck as Smith recounted his awakening to new philosophical curiosities while taking account of his personal history in psychotherapy. Conversely, a section that makes extensive reference to the study and preservation of whale skeletons left me colder, my imagination relatively inert.

But the areas of weakness in my experience of the text may well resonate strongly for another reader, which speaks to the overall versatility of what Smith has assembled in How to Inhabit Time. If nothing else, each turn in the book’s arc feels like an authentic expression of Smith’s own distinct voice and reflective process, which lends a compelling coherence to the text even if a minority of pit stops feel more distracting than enlightening. Any reader of Smith’s previous work will see a clear throughline from his interest in habit and liturgy to his present engagement with temporal awareness. This node of the throughline is perhaps the most abstract, but Smith rarely loses sight of the physical, ground-level implications that emerge from grappling with abstraction—a characteristic of his previous writing that is on equally strong display here.

What is most inspiring about this journey is Smith’s ardent belief that the discipline of spiritual timekeeping is not ultimately oriented toward a “boxing in” of human potential; instead, it seeks to discover and lean into all of the genuine possibilities of our existence. The God of eternity is the same God who made creatures living within time, who—though they never cease proceeding through time—do not experience this journey with the kind of clarity that certain Sunday school songs train us to expect. The limitations of temporality need not put a stranglehold on human ambition, but we do need imaginations that spring from a grasp of our state. Smith makes the cultivation of such an imagination seem not only possible, but deeply desirable, an accomplishment in and of itself given the sea of contradictions this topic might evoke in less capable hands. I certainly didn’t leave the book with any hard and fast answers about how I ought to relate to time (read: my own finitude), but it did unearth a renewed sensitivity to the building blocks of that relationship, to aspects of my being that easily get buried beneath the hustle and bustle of daily life. This deepening is the primary invitation of How to Inhabit Time—one that implicitly asks to be accepted and reaccepted over a span of days, months, and years. In this, it mirrors the journey of a life of faith, orienting its own idiosyncratic circularity toward eternity.

Jake Casale lives in Boston, Massachusetts. He graduated from Dartmouth College in 2017 and has worked on public health/health systems strengthening efforts both domestically and abroad. He currently works as an analyst for digital health company Cohere Health.

How to Inhabit Time: Understanding the Past, Facing the Future, and Living Faithfully Now was published by Baker Publishing Group on September 20, 2022. Fare Forward appreciates their provision of an advance copy for our reviewer. You can purchase your own copy at their website here.

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